Geography Reference Tools
By Maggie Hogan
Assigning students to label maps or to do some other mapping project is a great hands-on way to instill map skills. But don’t jump in too soon! Before making assignments, it’s vital to: Instruct students in the use of geography reference tools!
Choose appropriate reference material. Consider:
* Typeface. Look carefully at the font style and size. If it’s too small for the student to read clearly, it will cause frustration. Younger students need bigger, clearer fonts.
* Lay-out and design. Busy and detailed maps that may appeal to a high school student may easily frustrate a fifth grader.
* Content. Look for atlases containing material complimentary to your lesson plans. While studying American history, you’ll be pleased to have a USA atlas on hand. (These too, come in a variety of levels.) Some atlases are almost strictly maps, while others include a wealth of other information: flags, planet and earth statistics, and cultural information.
* Atlas age. Is your only household atlas a ponderous volume from college days? It may be useful for some projects, but its political maps will be hopelessly out of date.
* Variety. No single atlas is going to answer every question asked. One atlas may be strong in political maps, while another is a great atlas for thematic maps, and another has exciting, eye-catching cartography.
* Wall Maps. Look for:
- Africa in the center so that Asia isn’t split. (Many American made maps use a projection with the USA centered on the world map. This projections makes the USA look bigger than it really is and has the added disadvantage of splitting Asia in two. It’s hard to explain to younger students why one continent appears on opposite sides of a map!!)
- Politically up-to-date.
- Pleasing to look at and read.
- Enough labeling to be helpful, but not cluttered.
Teach students which
reference to use when:
* Road Map - for specific driving
directions.
* Wall Map - countries and continents at a
glance. Excellent for current events and the “big picture.” Not well
suited for detailed map work.
* Globe - countries and continents in
relationship with one another. Excellent for physical geography/science
topics such as: latitude, longitude, hemisphere, rotation, eclipses,
seasons, day and night, time zones, etc. Not well suited for most “find
this place” type activities.
* Atlas - for finding specific places,
political and physical features, and thematic information such as
climate maps, population maps, etc. Not well suited for the “big
picture” of physical relationship of continents/countries around the
world.
* Almanac - concise information in one easy
source on a huge variety of topics. Typically updated yearly. (Think of
it as the “highlights” of an encyclopedia.) Not well suited for in-depth
studies.
* Encyclopedia - in-depth information on
countries, peoples, places, events, etc. Not well suited to current
events - only as current as its publishing date.
* Dictionary - concise definition,
pronunciation, and spelling of geographic terms. What is a “butte” and
how do you say that?!
Excerpted from: The Student History Notebook of America by Maggie
S. Hogan. Available from
www.BrightIdeasPress.com